Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Faust Essay - 1029 Words

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the brilliant mind behind the 17th century’s epic poem â€Å"Faust†, illustrates a combining structure of desire and self-indulgence. His idea was to capture the ideal image of good vs. evil and how easily it can be misconstrued. â€Å"Of all the great dualities of hum an experience good and evil have been the most instrumental in shaping the beliefs, rituals, and laws, of Homo Sapiens.†(Argano) As a resourceful poet and artiste during the Enlightenment Age; Goethe’s poetry debates on the far-reaching theory, that man is willing to go above and beyond to achieve his goals. According to Adina Bodrogean, â€Å"Enlightenment meant in the English literature a disruption from the previous trends in the literature and cultural†¦show more content†¦In a sense, I acquired that the Lord’s view of humanity is: imperfection isn’t absolute and man’s potential for the greater good can be refined. As the poem continues, Faust has found himself in the presence of Mephistopheles. â€Å"I had ideas too big for me, your level’s mine, that’s all I’m good for.†(Goethe Lines 1526-27). In this instance, the two engage in a bet: Mephisto grants Faust permission to do whatever he sees fit on Earth with no consequence. In exchange for a first-class ticket to Hell, if he ever chooses to drift from the path of God. During this adjustment, Faust finds himself delighted with whatever the Devil offers him, which in some cases today will be â€Å"too good to be true†. Deciding that a deal with this marauder can further his ambition, Faust is unwittingly seduced by avarice. During his time with Mephisto, Faust comes across a young woman by the name of Gretchen, â€Å"Well? What’s doing? When am I going to have her?†(Goethe Line 2831). While reading, Gretchen is portrayed as your ordinary peasant girl. She’s innocent, pure and a little bit naà ¯ve for her age. As the poem progresses, Faust manages to seduce the young innocent girl, with the guidance of Mephistopheles. Gretchen gives into temptation. Here, Gretchen is the embodiment of good, while contrast, Faust is evil. Stated above, Goethe’s main idea was to capture the idyllic image of Good. Faust’sShow MoreRelatedFaust as a Romantic Hero794 Words   |  4 PagesFaust as a Romantic Hero In Johann Wolfgang von Goethe s Faust, the protagonist exhibits many characteristics of a typical romantic hero. First, he is larger then life. He has obtained numerous advanced degrees, and conjures up spirits. In his effort to go beyond knowledge and gain experience he strikes a bargain with the Devil. He is not afraid of the Devil or hell ( Lawall Mack, 444) and proves that by making the deal with the Devil. Secondly, he embodies the best and worst ofRead MoreRole of Religion in Dr. Faust Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesRole of Religion in Dr. Faust Dr. Faust is a legend from the sixteenth century that tells the tale of a man that sells his sole to the devil for non-human powers. This legend is influenced by the time that it was written. During the sixteenth century religion had a large role on the society. It had affected everything from Government to everyday life for people. This story was set in the area of Europe. Which had a heavily religious influence. The Faust legend employs the notion of black magicRead MoreFaust: Tragedy of the Innocence Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pages In Faust, a two-part play written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, depicts human tragedy through the character of Margaret. The protagonist, Faust, loves and then later destroys Margarets life, with the help of Mephistopheles. Mephistopheles is one the seven archangels cast out of heaven. 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Top Academic Essay Topics for College Students Secrets

Top Academic Essay Topics for College Students Secrets Whether or not you're in high school or in college, you'll certainly find at least one which is perfect for you. Participating in sports must be created compulsory for every single student. More information about education and learning rewards supplied by Virtual assistant can be gotten around the You.Azines. Colleges are more inclined to admit students who can articulate certain explanations for why the school is a superb fit about them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. How to submit an application for a study abroad program. For instance, you can opt for a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. All the skills mentioned previously are vital for each successful student. The main reason why a lot of students choose to tackle descriptive essay topics is because they are simple to cope with. 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A lot of students put on a uniform. Many students think that it is a waste of time. Since you may see, writing an argumentative essay on the majority of the available topics is a time-consuming process which demands plenty of efforts and skills it's well worth trying as you are able to acquire unforgettable experience. Debating is a helpful practice for all people because of the experience and skills it provides you. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you must clearly show your analytical skills. Also, bear in mind your discussion topics must fit the other students' level some of them is able to be not able to manage the topic that has too many elements to take into account. However soon you're anticipated to file your college argumentative essay for grading, we'll write the paper for you. The absolute most difficult homework assignment that you've been given 48. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. Every student should know that writing isn't an easy job, which explains why they will need to be especially cautious when writing a descriptive essay. Be mindful of the size it must be and begin writing the narrative essay outline. If you're a student, you understand fully well that essays and research papers are definitely the most typical assignments that you'll need to deal with in your academic life. To begin with, you must comprehend what distinguishes informative essays from some other kinds of academic papers. A proposal essay is extremely easy to comprehend. The Benefits of Academic Essay Topics for College Students An evaluation essay makes it possible to find out about the caliber of an object you want to know more about. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's essential to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. Sports research paper topics cover a wide selection of fields. The procedure for getting good argumentative research essay topics is hard. Whatever They Told You About Academic Essay Topics for College Students Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. An argumentative essay is a particular sort of essay which requires students to argue with the current points of view so as to show the truth of their own position. The most effective persuasive essays persuade the reader to agree with a specific point of view, perspective or maybe to take a particular action. Although writing an evaluation essay is a difficult job, you ought not give up on account of the obstacles on your way. The 30-Second Trick for Academic Essay Topics for College Students The reader ought to take the author's side by the close of the reading. For the introduction make an intriguing twist that is likely to make your readers interested in the subject you're writing about. Argumentative debate topics cover specific problems, problems, phenomenon or subjects that you are able to deliberate. Locate a preferred science and select a theme you like more. Normally, having three important arguments to show your point is sufficient for a convincing paper. A conclusion is, undoubtedly, the most significant portion of the argumentative essay because you can either support the superior impression or destroy it entirely. You should produce a notion and offer some evidence. The very best thing is to decide on a topic that will provide you with an opportunity to present new ideas or a fresh perspective on a problem.

Strategic HRM Improved Business Performance

Questions: LO1 Understand the process of strategic planning 1.1 assess how business missions, visions, objectives, goals and core competencies inform strategic planning1.2 analyse the factors that have to be considered when formulating strategic plans1.3 evaluate the effectiveness of techniques used when developing strategic business plansLO2 Be able to formulate a new strategy2.1 analyse the strategic positioning of a given organisation by carrying out an organisational audit2.2 carry out an environmental audit for a given organisation2.3 assess the significance of stakeholder analysis when formulating new strategy2.4 present a new strategy for a given organisationLO3 Understand approaches to strategy evaluation3.1 analyse the appropriateness of alternative strategies relating to market entry,substantive growth, limited growth or retrenchment for a given organisation3.2 justify the selection of a strategyLO4 Understand how to implement a chosen strategy4.1 assess the roles and responsibilities of personnel who are charged with strategy implementation4.2 analyse the estimated resource requirements for implementing a new strategy for a given organisation4.3 evaluate the contribution of SMART targets to the achievement of strategy implementation in a given organisation. Answers: Introduction The report would follow the learning outcomes to demonstrate the Human Resource Management (HRM) strategies followed in business. For the discussion, the example of the Global Leader in telecommunication and Home Appliance brand Samsung is chosen to discuss the policies of Human resource followed therein (Paauwe, 2004). A critical view of recruitment, reward and the legal aspects of business HRM are discussed with various theories and models as propagated by the scholars. Personnel management and HRM The concept of Human Resource management (HRM) is the new version of Personnel management. However, there is little difference in the concepts between the two but whatever there is. The difference of Personnel with HRM starts where the traditional approach in managing people is compared with the modern people management approaches in business is concerned (Guest, Paauwe, Wright, 2012). Hence, the focus of HRM is to manage the strengths of people in the business so that these people take the business to a new level with their talents. In the past, the people were administered in a business where the business took measures for employee welfare and labour relations. This was a very narrow space of work when people management were concerned with strict norms of legal and social norms. The modern day HRM is concentrated upon manpower acquisition or recruitment, grooming of people after recruitment and motivate them to do better for the business (Bondarouk, Looise, Ruel, 2011). The scope of HRM is thus wider which undertakes all the responsibility of Personnel management and done a bit more than just sticking to the legality of employment. Personnel management makes the assumption that people are needed to give desired output as the business wants. Hence, the outlook is that people are just a media to achieve the production quality and quantity. Human Resources seals with the manpower as an asset where they are valued to achieve the desired outcome for the business. Thus, the outlook is to groom and retain talent to achieve the desired outcome and be competent in the market where the HR assets back the innovation and development (Jackson, 2002). The personnel functions are done for employees satisfaction but the HRM undertakes the administration for goal achievement. The division of labour determines the job design in personnel management however the HRM concepts stresses on the group work where all becomes the part of the job. The training and development initiatives taken by the business are much more in HRM than in personnel management. Since the people are considered as assets in HRM, the grooming and development o f people are given much more attention. It is evident that the top management takes the decisions and people implement them. In HRM, people are part of decision making and the decisions are taken on the basis of the team consultation. Thus, personnel management is a routine function while HRM is a strategic function in business. Functions of HRM A strong HRM needs planning where analysis of the organization needs to be done so that the strategic way forward can be strategized for the best business outcomes (Barrett Mayson, 2008) The steps are thus as below: Fig 1: Functions of HRM in Business The functions are very much oriented with the business process and future demands. So the business HRM being a strategic partner of the business needs to identify the future demands and thus accommodate the manpower that may fulfil the business objectives. The business HR needs to access the business details to make an inventory of the capacity to fulfil the needed manpower needed or training and development plans formulation. So the HR puts the right with right skills in the right place and identifies the place which needs to be manned for the future productions. The gaps to are identified where the HR takes the training and skill development initiatives(Coronas, 2008). The control encompasses feedback of the people to get the feedback and information regarding the job and organizational culture. Hence, the business can accommodate the needed innovations and training with the change in business environment. Not all men expect similar behaviour so the process has to be conducted with a very personalized approach. Hence, the motivation of manpower and inclusion of innovations are very much part of the job where the business incorporates the needed steps to see that the people becomes an asset for the business. The roles and responsibility of HR manager Like any other business manager, HR managers also have their own set of functions where managing the departmental activities and managing employee are the key jobs. Thus being a key strategic part of the business, HRM has to encompass the manpower related strategies in business. The overall responsibilities include the inclusion of administrative measures as per the legal norms and company policy, training, recruitment, compensation and performance management (Armstrong Baron, 2002). The legal norms of a state determine the HR activities like payment, benefits, work time and load etc. These are the minimum that the managers have to do and eventually they can develop the people associated to be assets in the future. Training and development planning and execution for the best outputs is the key area of work and responsibility of an HR Manager. Understanding the need for the future the professional plans for the employee is chalked out based on which the training are planned. Thus sho wing the career track to the employees for the best of professional development and desire to reach there is developed by the HR manager (Sharma, 2009). This develops the aptitude for the employee to perform and get stability and growth in career. The same can be jested as: Employee Administration Performance management Enterprise strategy management Labour and Industrial relations Managing the grievance of the people associated in business is the key responsibility of the HRM. How the managers achieves it is upon the way they plan the Organizational culture and behaviour. Thus, a policy has to be framed so that all understands and follow the company policy and have little to complain. Further, if an employee needs to report an event they should find space and protection of management so that there is no fear of retribution from any side (Martin Kidwell, 2001). Clarity of interpersonal communication, grooming people for the best output and futuristic works, motivation to give the best of output. Legal and Regulatory framework on HRM In the UK, a business needs to adhere to the legal and regulatory frameworks to do a business in adherence to the legal norms of the state. There are various laws and regulations for an HR manager to adhere to while working. The following are few examples from the Industrial point of view. Race Relations Act of 2000 (amended), Sex discrimination Act of 1997 and Equal Pay of 1970 are pertinent for the discussion. The laws give all employees irrespective of gender, colour, caste creed or ethnicity to get similar treatment in education, job and all other public functions. Thus, it gives the people equality payment and treatment where the employer cannot show favours for a particular group or person. Thus, the workplace is much more secured for all people working without any basis of discrimination by the basis of the law. The act of 1995 amended in 2005 to protect the disables via Disability discrimination act and Employment Equality Act of 2010 (Sims, 2007). These laws give the employee of the organization or in public equal payments and non-discrimination due to their disability or on the basis of sexual orientation, religion or belief. The Employment act of 2008 guides the employment and acts as a law that protects employer and employee in case of dispute. So the motiv ation is the resolution of employment-related disputes. Data Protection Act of 1998 is to safeguard the in-house data from being slipped to competitors while it also guides storage, transfer and usage of data flow in the business. The Work and family act of 2006 guarantees the benefits for employees like leaves, maternal and paternal leaves, and flexibility in working time to give employees work life balance. Reasons for HR planning in an organization The role of HR planning is to give the right amount of planning for Human resources to let the right and qualified man sit in the right place at the right time to ensure that organizational objectives are met. The planning process includes a manpower survey to identify the current manpower structure which enables the right man to be in the right position and identify the gaps in skills and required manpower for the objective achievement in the future. As discussed earlier, HR function is strategic in nature which enables right person work in the right place. So the to ensure organizational goals are achieved training needs and manpower requirements are identified. The hierarchy and organizational behaviour are fixed in order to get the organizational goals achieved. Hence, the planning gives the HR manager a direction in which the strategic move needs to be done that enables with the right amount of planning for future direction to the HR team. Planning guides the execution where the people and job are equated and necessary gaps in skills are identified to improve the employee skills with the right amount of training. Stages of Organizational Planning The theory of Herzberg theory states that there are certain factors in theworkplacethat causejob satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. The connection with Maslows theorem is the attitude towards the Administration. The Maslows theorem suggests the practical attitude towards administration while the Herzberg theorem suggests the minimum requirement of work like salary and working conditions. Rather, individuals look for the gratification of higher-level psychological needs having to do with achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the nature of the work itself. This appears to parallel Maslow's theory of aneed hierarchy. Herzberg added a new dimension to this theory by proposing a two-factor model of motivation, based on the notion that the presence of one set of job characteristics or incentives leads to workersatisfactionat work while another and a separate set of job characteristics leads todissatisfactionat work (Wilton, 2010). Thus, satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not on a continuum with one increasing as the other diminishes, but are independent phenomena. This theory suggests that to improve job attitudes and productivity, administrators must recognize and attend to both sets of characteristics and not assume that an increase in satisfaction leads to decrease in un-pleasurable dissatisfaction. Maslows theorem suggests that the hierarchy of need is the basis for the understanding of human motivation. This has psychological, safety, belonging, esteem and self-actualization needs. This suggests that the need for the employee motivation is the requirement of employees own self-goals along with organizational goals (Excel Books India, 2012). The needs of a personnel working in the business may be biological or psychological where the business has to be associated so that the best from the employee can be got. Fig 2: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs The various stages of Maslows need theorem can be suggested as above diagram depicts. The safety needs and psychological needs suggest that the food, drink shelter, security, protection, a law to protect is being adhered to. The need of belonging suggests the love and care of the family, relationship etc. The need for esteem is the status, independence in the job which needs mastery and recognition of the skill sets that the man possesses. The knowledge and meaning of the job are decided by the cognitive needs while aesthetics like beauty balance and form is depicted by the self-actualization (Price, 2011). The self-actualization suggests the self-fulfilment and personal growth in personnel to reach the peak of their performance. Recruitment and selection stage in an Organization The two organization selected are Samsung in UK operations to highlight the recruitment and selection processes taken in the organization. The process adopted is as below: Fig 3: Recruitment and Selection at Tesco Hence, the diagram above depicts the recruitment and selection process at Samsung UK where the candidates are called for the interview and they are being sent to the panel of selectors for selection (Sinofsky Iansiti, 2009). Once selected the panel decides upon the recruitment and selection strategy of each of the candidates and evaluates the potential. After evaluation, the shortlisted are called while the non-shortlisted are not called and being given a letter why their names are not shortlisted. This gives the clarity of recruitment and the shortlisted candidates appear for the primary interview (Wang, 2005). Once shortlisted the employees are sent for the second round where the final selection is done on the basis 0of skills and efficiency. Thus, the Samsung UK follows a structured form of interview where the employer and employees are equally participating in the organizational development. Effectiveness of recruitment and selection in two different Organizations The recruitment and selection for the Samsung and Apple UK operations are selected to understand the necessary strengths of the system adopted. The benefits of adopting the recruitment techniques have been that it has not to depend on the corporate approval at Samsung while the Apple the company based out of US needs to. The corporate approval policy followed at Apple is due to its policy adopted to keep the technology undisclosed to the competitors and also due to the uniqueness of its product. Samsung, on the other hand, is into the UK market with a diverse range of product so the recruitment is supported by the larger scope of various electronic goods that the producer has to offer. Hence, if the personnel is not suited for telecommunications or IT they may be tried of the consumer goods which makes the scope of the job laugher. Nevertheless, the business gives a career growth in various markets with good work done but the same is not possible in the case of Apple. Both the brands have similar compensation in the respective levels of career but the ability to motivate the people to find scope in Samsung is much more prevalent due to the vast offerings it has in UK market over its rivals in electronic, telecommunication and consumer durable. Link between Motivational Theories and Reward Reward and motivation have been taken together as part of the same coin. Motivation is the act of changing a personnels behaviour towards his work and productivity that helps in business growth and goal achievement. The ways to get is via an offering of various rewards to the personnel that enables this change of behaviour. Hence, the reward and motivation have been attached with each other. However, this is also noted by the scholars that not all man desires similar benefits so the rewards are to be well designed and have a strategic overview of the success it has that enables proper reward policy administration(Hoffmann, 2007). There had been several Herzbergs theory and Maslows are very prominent among them. Reward factors may be financial, positional, praise and recognition or perks and holidays. Herzbergs theorem suggested that hygiene factors like pay and compensation and motivational factors environmental, working condition, recognition, praise are factors those brings in motivation. Maslows Motivational theory suggests the motivation have a level in peoples life. Nevertheless, the Theory proposed by Victor Vroom on expectation model of Motivation and man management is a very important part which relates the expectation with rewards well. It suggests that individuals in business may adopt a certain way of behaviour or like one over the other one due to the expectations of the fact that the reward of that certain behaviour would generate rewards. Hence, the motivation of a certain kind of behaviour is based upon the desirability of outcome where the theory proposes a cognitive process of how the behaviour is determined by individual processes. Thus, the mental processes involved in th e choices and choice making is more prominent in the Vrooms theory. On the contrary, the benefit of the process is to give the employer an opportunity regarding choices that the employee makes. Vroom proposed that the Organizational behaviour makes the expectations in an employee driving his motivations to achieve. A process controlled by the individual from all the alternatives that they have and choose the one which most suits the activities. So the motivation is the certain amount of expectancy which a certain effort leads to that would help the organization get the desired benefits out of the many choices that they have. Hence the governing of choices from the alternative choices to achieve a certain result. Expectancy, Instrumentality and balance are three components in the expectancy theory of Vroom(Beck, 2003). Here the Self efficiency is projected as the efforts put into drive performance and instrumentality is the faith that a person is going to receive rewards when the performance criteria are met. Thus, the instrumentality is the belief th at a person would perform with an expectancy of reward between performance and outcome. The valence in here is the behavioural alternative where the decisions are measured on the value of the reward. Job Evaluation and other factors determining pay The determinant of payment with the job done is well defined by the Maslows and Herzberg theorem which depicts the hygiene factor and need of the personnel. Thus, the job evaluation for each of the job needs to be done which includes the skill, education, hierarchy etc. To determine the job evaluation, the employee can be asked regarding job position to analyze and use them for future references. Thus, the job evaluation can suggest why the site engineer gets more than the site manager evaluating the job as a whole and the methodologies and competence needed for the completion of the similar job. (Armstrong Baron, The Job Evaluation Handbook, 1995)There are many ways to determine the job content which involves fair salary payment on the job evaluation, responsibility and job skills and contents. The job evaluation is done on the basis of the content of the job where the skills and education required for the job are being specified on the basis of final outcome. The final outcome needed for the specific job is determined on the job content and skills needed to acknowledge it and do it with utmost satisfaction. In this case, the example of Samsung can be taken where the salary of the retail manager is lesser than the software development engineer. The duty and responsibility of the position suggest the person needed to do the job with proper execution. Nevertheless, the size of the business, position, skill and experience along with organizational profitability and employee performance are dependent for the payment structure in the organization. An Engineer needs to have the expertise and are directly responsible for the product quality so their salaries are more than retail managers in any economy of operations. Effectiveness of reward system in different context The reward can be classified into two different contexts extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic rewards can be administered by the Human resource and administration which part of the policy and Organizational systems. Intrinsic rewards too need to be administered with a certain amount of organizational and policy aspect in mind so that the reward is not seen as out of the scope of work. Extrinsic rewards can be those like payment, bonus, incentives, gift commission, bonus for performance etc. The Intrinsic rewards are like praise, faith, feedback, promotion, authority, responsibility allotted etc. It is believed that once the personnel is motivated they would do all to help the organization reach its objectives. The managers shall choose or select rewards and times of rewards most effectively and properly as it is one of its important tools. To increase the effectiveness of the organisation, it should be used. Reward system relates to employee motivation. A number of purposes are served by the reward system in an organisation. It helps in maintaining healthy competition, retention of key employees, and in the reduction of labour turnover and hence the cost of recruitment. It helps in maintaining and reinforcing an image of the organisation among its key stakeholders or future employees. People i.e. the employees are a most important resource of the organisation. There is intense competition to attract and retain the best employees. The consistency of services is improved and it allows developing a healthy relationship between clients and organisation. Lastly, it also helps by a reduction in labour absences and also helps with recruiting efforts. Pay increases, bonuses, pensions or health care premiums are most common forms of monetary rewards. Direct and Indirect compensation are the two broad categories of it but both contributing to the financial betterment of the employee. Direct compensation is comparatively straight forward whereas indirect compensation increases the benefits or adds to them. Now lets us compare monetary benefits with the non-monetary rewards. Non-monetary compensation is a cost to the organisation but does not improve the employees financial position. The best example of it is providing the employees with the best tools and equipment possible such as laptops, proper and safe working conditions. Non-monetary awards are clearly visible among all in an organisation and it can create a perception of inequality. This is not present in the case of monetary benefits as employees must not know the full details of other co-workers pay and benefits. This can be used effectively by some organisation as it has pos itive implication and strives the employees to increase production. Monitoring Employee Performance Monitoring employee performance can be very useful for organisations as well as its employees. Clear policies should be set on staff timings and productivity. Regular check-ins, inspections and reporting system should be installed. Benchmarking should be done appropriately. Monitoring employee performance has a number of advantages to the organisation. It provides them with performance feedback which helps them to grow and satisfies and motivates them. It helps in employee training and development decisions. Monitoring employee performance is also effective during promotions layoffs and transfers. It is an effective and efficient tool which helps in Human Resource Planning (HRP). Performance appraisal is a systematic and periodic process that examines and assesses the employees job performance and productivity individually. This is done in relation to a certain and specified pre-established criteria and organizational objectives. It is a method in which job performance is documented and evaluated. It continuously evaluates the performance of individual employees within the organisation and is a part of career development. It consists of regular reviews and reports (Robinson, et al., 2015). Objective production, personnel and judgement evaluation are its three main methods. Previously it was conducted annually but now with time companies are shifting towards shorter cycles. For providing feedback to employees, counselling and developing them, the interview could be used. Performance appraisal is often a part of performance management system. It takes into considerations two aspects namely the expectations from each employee and secondly the way to achieve it. It is used to manage and align all of the organisations resources in order to achieve highest possible optimum performance effectively. Improving their respective PAs should be each one's highest priority. It helps in facilitating management and employee communication. The main objective of it is performance improvement and it is also a basis of employment decisions. It also aims at aid in the job criteria formulation and personnel selection. It also helps in work motivation through the use of reward system (Barrett Mayson, 2008). 360 Degree feedback is also known as, multi-rate feedback, multi-source or multi-source assessment. In this method feedback includes direct feedback from employees, subordinates, peers, supervisors as well as self-evaluation. Feedback from external sources is also entertained like customers and suppliers. Its results are often used to plan and map specific paths in their development. It also aids in making an administrative decision and which guides to frame pay and promotion policies. A 360-degree appraisal is a type in which everyone autonomously rates the employees. The self-concept is socially negotiated and modified by the process of self-evaluation. People select ways which are influenced by motives and these help them to select self-relevant information, gauge its veracity, draw inferences about themselves and make plans for future. Self-enhancement, self-assessment, self-verification and self-improvement are the four motives of it. Self-enhancement enhances positivity in ones self and reduces the negativity. It improves the self-esteem of a person while others see them as a more socially desirable person. Self-assessment ensures a reduction in any uncertainty about ones personality trait. It increases the accuracy and objectivity. Whereas self-verification maintains a balance between previously formed self-conceptions and any new information that is significant to the self. It helps in the development of a sense if control and predictability among all. Customer feedback is also a dimension of employee evaluation which gives a variety of reviews and has various advantages. Customer feedback gives us the best real world feedback. It improves the quality and adds to the proof of internal human resources controls. This feedback results in quick action and implementation as they want to maintain a healthy and long relationship with its customers. It also avoids Self-serving hierarchy of the internal evaluation process. It also ensures proper knowledge regarding your customers and the organisation gets to know about its customers better. It helps in alignment of employees works with the needs of the customers rather than bosss needs. Reasons for Cessation of employment Employees are the assets to an organisation and they act as the backbone of organisations. But employees are terminated for many varied reasons mainly due to variance in company and employees expectations. Reduction in the budget or a financial crisis can be one of the strong reasons for it. Due to lack of funds, they terminate employees to maximise their budgets. A team or individual is terminated if identified as the cause and the reason for lowered profits or other negative issues. Consistent and continuous absence from work may lead to termination as lateness and absenteeism affect the productivity and company morales negatively or adversely. Every individual or employee is given a task particular target to achieve within a stipulated time frame or within the deadline(Lewis Sargeant, 2004). The shortfall in achieving their goals may lead to cessation. They are also fired due to lack of knowledge and skill required for the assigned tasks. Unethical and disrespectful behaviour tow ards co-workers seniors and customers is also one issue. The workers also leave their workplace due to various reasons. Unsuitable working conditions, harassments, partiality, biases, huge workload, underpayment of wages, unhealthy working atmosphere etc are the reasons why employees shift organisations. Employment exit procedures Employee exit management is used to terminate an employment contract in a very professional manner. It ensures that access privileges are revoked to the leaving employee and ensures security integrity via recovery of keys and other important documents and things. NHS Shetland In this organisation, the employee has to submit his/her resignation in writing with the line managers who forwards it to the HR department promptly. Managers also forward the details regarding last working day and any annual leave etc to the HR department. The HR finally processes the Termination form for Payroll. Then the HR department finally contacts the employee themselves and they undergo an interview and questionnaire. The final decision is given by the HR after analysing the interview which completes the process. And in the case to termination due to dismissal, the following procedures have to be taken into account. Letter- a formal letter in writing explaining the situation Meeting- face to face discussion should take place Verdict- the employer should then write expressing their final decision Appeal- an employee can appeal against the employees decision. Medical University of California The state agency with the Medical University shall be regarded for termination of employment and must complete the exit procedure according to the policy in less than ninety days. A resignation letter has to be submitted with the seniors with a minimum of a months notice and has to complete the exit interview with the HRM department before cessation. They also have to file a return of retirement system contributions. They can either withdraw all keep it or receive it as pensions on attaining retirement age. Health and Dental Insurance should be applied for and all the other social security benefits are also provided. In the case of death counselling and assistance is provided to the designated beneficiary or the administrator of the estate. Legal and Regulatory framework on employment cessation arrangements Maintaining regulatory framework is very important in todays world. Every organization has to follow the terms and conditions of cessation and exit procedures and strictly abide by them. If all the law and rules are followed and abided i.e. all the requirements of the legal issue are satisfied then they do not have to face any intervention from any outside third party or body. One should never skip any provisions of labor laws and rights in case of cessation procedures. Conclusion From all the above discussions we can conclude that humans are assets to an organization and HRM is a department that is continuously is in function and is pervasive in nature. It plays a very vital role in an organizations overall production and outcomes and results. To maximize the benefits and optimally utilize one's human resource the organization should install a proper managed HRM system. It ensures that a friendly and working atmosphere is maintained which increase the work i.e. the productivity and hence the profits and increase customer base. All the laws and regulations are abided by thus preventing any intervention and fines or penalty. Thus, it has a very important role in achieving the organization's objectives aligning it with the needs and satisfaction of the individual employees effectively and efficiently. References Armstrong, M., Baron, A. (1995). The Job Evaluation Handbook. London, England: CIPD Publishing. Armstrong, M., Baron, A. (2002). Strategic HRM: The Key to Improved Business Performance. London: CIPD Publishing. Barrett, R., Mayson, S. (2008). International Handbook of Entrepreneurship and HRM. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Beck, R. (2003). Motivation: Theories And Principles, 4/e. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education India. Bondarouk, T., Looise, J., Ruel, H. (2011). Electronic HRM in Theory and Practice. Bingley, England: Emerald Group Publishing. Coronas, T. (2008). Encyclopedia of Human Resources Information Systems: Challenges in e-HRM: Challenges in e-HRM. Hersey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global. Excel Books India. (2012). Comprehensive Hrm. New Delhi, India: Excel Books India. Guest, D., Paauwe, J., Wright, P. (2012). HRM and Performance: Achievements and Challenges. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Hoffmann, S. (2007). Classical Motivation Theories - Similarities and Differences Between Them. Munich: GRIN Verlag. Jackson, T. (2002). International HRM: A Cross-Cultural Approach. Boston: SAGE. Lewis, D., Sargeant, M. (2004). Essentials of Employment Law. London, England: CIPD Publishing. Martin, C., Kidwell, R. (2001). HRM from A-Z: Critical Questions Asked Answered. New York City: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Paauwe, J. (2004). HRM and Performance: Achieving Long-term Viability. New York City: Oxford University Press. Price, A. (2011). Human Resource Management. Boston: Cengage Learning. Robinson, J., Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Samuel, C., McLean, P. (2015). Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sharma, S. (2009). HANDBOOK OF HRM PRACTICES: Management Policies and Practices. Delhi, India: Global India Publications. Sims, R. (2007). Human Resource Management: Contemporary Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities. New Delhi, India: IAP. Sinofsky, S., Iansiti, M. (2009). One Strategy: Organization, Planning, and Decision Making. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Wang, Z. (2005). Technology Innovation And Hrm. Bingley, England: Emerald Group Publishing. Wilton, N. (2010). An Introduction to Human Resource Management. New York City: Sage.

The matching hypothesis Essay Example

The matching hypothesis Paper There are many factors involved in the formation of relationships, proximity, exposure and family, similarity, physical attractiveness, complementarily, competence and reciprocal liking. In this investigation, the research will explore attractiveness, specifically the match hypothesis. Zuckerman et al (1995) reported that the more attractive a person seemed to be, the more positive was anothers overall impression of that person. Symons (1979) showed that a womans physical health, age, and uniqueness are attractive to men whereas a mans status, height, skills, and abilities are attractive to women. Berry and Miller (2001) found that males rated physical attractiveness as the best predictor for higher quality interactions with woman, while woman rated sociability as the most important factor for men. A study was carried out by Walster et al in 1966 known as the computer dance study. 752 freshers took part. First they were told to fill in a questionnaire, after which they were told that they had been allocated an ideal partner for the evening of the dance. These pairings however, had been made at random on basis of their physical attractiveness. Students were asked how much they liked their date and if they wanted to see them again. They found that physical attractiveness was the single biggest predictor of how much each date had been liked by both male and the female participants. The desire of another date was determined by the attractiveness of the female, irrespective of the attractiveness of the male. When we see a person in the street we automatically rate that persons attractiveness, whether we do it consciously or unconsciously. We will write a custom essay sample on The matching hypothesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The matching hypothesis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The matching hypothesis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The matching hypothesis is a popular psychological theory proposed by Walster et al. 1966, on what causes people to be attracted to their partners. It claims that people are more likely to form long- lasting relationships with people who are roughly equally as physically attractive as themselves. This investigation is going to replicate this study. The matching phenomenon of physical attraction between marriage partners is stable within and across generations, Price and Vandenberg 1979. Several studies have tested the matching hypothesis. These studies generally show that people rated as being of high, low or average attractiveness tend to choose partners of a corresponding level of attractiveness. Several studies have been carried out that explore this field of interest for, Murstein (1972) who also supports the matching hypothesis did a study with photographs of the faces of steady or engaged couples were compared with random couples. The real couples were consistently judged to be more similar to each other in levels of physical attractiveness than the random pairs. Murstein summarised the findings of the study as: Individuals with equal market value for physical attractiveness are more likely to associate in an intimate relationship such as engagement that individuals with disparate values. In simple terms, he found that people with roughly equal attractiveness are more likely to establish an intimate relationship, than if one person out of the couple was seen as being unattractive and the other attractive. This investigation focuses on couples separate attractiveness and their attractiveness as a couple, analysing singular attractiveness and coupled attractiveness. The aim of the study is to investigate the matching hypothesis and to test whether there is a positive correlation between the scores of perceived attractiveness of the male and female of the married couples and also as a couple. This investigation differs to previous studies carried out in this area of interest, as the photographs are not separated and the males and females are rated separately in terms of attractiveness. Participants were also asked to rate the photos as a couple. The hypothesis: There would be a positive correlation between participants perceived scores of attractiveness of photographs of married couples. Null hypothesis: There would be no correlation between participants perceived scores of attractiveness of photographs of married couples. Method The method chosen for this study was a correlational research method, as a relationship between the two variables was being investigated. The co-variance is the male and female scores. All the photos used throughout the procedure are obtained from articles from a local newspaper. After the photos are obtained, record sheets will be produced on which the participants will rate the couples. The photos used will be kept together (i. e. they will not be cut into separate male and female sections) for the simple reason that I am also asking the question; do the couples match each other? This would be impossible to do so if the photographs were separated. This also makes my investigation more original. The participants will then be presented with forms like the record sheet (appendix). Cause and analysis was the appropriate method for this investigation as it provides information on the strength of a relationship between specific variables.

Water Conservation essays

Water Conservation essays Conserve Water vs. Not Conserve Water I have done many projects on one of our most precious resources, water. In my studies I have noticed that there is a great shortage of this very important thing. Water has become the most used resources we have in this world and I believe that at one point we wont have it anymore. For this very important reason I believe that we should conserve water in Texas homes. First, we use water in great amounts for unnecessary purposes. Second, the shortage of water would make the food providers of our country, the farmers, which we have a lot of in Texas, suffer. Lastly, water is a precious resource that we will run out of if we dont watch out. During the summer water is wasted more than it is used for things we actually need. For example, one of the things that children do during the summer in great amounts is swim. When you think of how big a pool is and how much water it takes, an average of about 15,000 gallons. What if we used that water instead to give to the poor dehydrated people in 3rd world countries, think about how much of a better use that would be than just going dipping in a pool. Furthermore, we waste water when we wash our cars. Wouldnt you rather be able to take a shower and you be clean than have your car clean? Of course you would. The way we waste water though there isnt going to be much for anything. Lastly, we use water to take baths, right? Well, think of how much water we could save if everybody took a shower instead of a bath. According to scientists we waste 10 gallons of water taking a bath instead of a shower. It is a fact; we will run out of water if it is not saved. Just try little things to help at first. For instance, put the sprinklers on every four days instead of every other day. The rain can saturate the grass and plants enough for it to grow. Secondly, try to not keep the water running in the faucet for a long per...

Second Battle of the Marne in World War I

Second Battle of the Marne in World War I The Second Battle of the Marne lasted from July 15 to August 6, 1918, and was fought during World War I (1914-1918). Conceived as an attempt to draw Allied troops south from Flanders to facilitate an attack in that region, the offensive along the Marne proved to be the last the German Army would mount in the conflict. In the opening days of the fighting, German forces made only minor gains before being halted by a constellation of Allied troops. Due to intelligence gathering, the Allies were largely aware of German intentions and had prepared a sizable counter-offensive. This moved forward on July 18 and quickly shattered German resistance. After two days of fighting, the Germans commenced a retreat back to trenches between the Aisne and Vesle Rivers. The Allied attack was the first in a series of sustained offensives that would bring the war to an end that November.      Spring Offensives In early 1918, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff commenced a series of attacks known as the Spring Offensives with the goal of defeating the Allies before American troops arrived on the Western Front in large numbers. Though the Germans scored some early successes, these offensives were contained and halted. Seeking to continue pushing, Ludendorff planned for additional operations that summer.    Believing that the decisive blow should come in Flanders, Ludendorff planned a diversionary offensive at the Marne. With this attack, the hoped to pull Allied troops south from his intended target. This plan called for an offensive south through the salient caused by the Aisne Offensive of late May and early June as well as a second assault to the east of Reims. German Plans In the west, Ludendorff assembled seventeen divisions of General Max von Boehms Seventh Army and additional troops from Ninth Army to strike at the French Sixth Army led by General Jean Degoutte. While Boehms troops drove south to the Marne River to capture Epernay, twenty-three divisions from Generals Bruno von Mudra and Karl von Einems First and Third Armies were poised to attack General Henri Gourauds French Fourth Army in Champagne. In advancing on both sides of Reims, Ludendorff hoped to split the French forces in the area. Allied Dispositions Supporting the troops in the lines, French forces in the area were buttressed by approximately 85,000 Americans as well as the British XXII Corps. As July passed, intelligence gleaned from prisoners, deserters, and aerial reconnaissance provided the Allied leadership with a solid understanding of German intentions. This included learning the date and hour that Ludendorffs offensive was set to commence. To counter the enemy, Marshal Ferdinand Foch, Supreme Commander of the Allied forces, had French artillery strike the opposing lines as German forces were forming for the assault. He also made plans for a large-scale counter-offensive which was set to launch on July 18. Armies Commanders: Allies Marshal Ferdinand Foch44 French divisions, 8 American divisions, 4 British divisions, and 2 Italian divisions Germany Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff52 divisions The Germans Strike Attacking on July 15, Ludendorffs assault in Champagne quickly bogged down. Utilizing an elastic defense-in-depth, Gouraud’s troops were able to quickly contain and defeat the German thrust. Taking heavy losses, the Germans halted the offensive around 11:00 AM and it was not resumed. For his actions, Gouraud earned the nickname the Lion of Champagne. While Mudra and Einem were being halted, their comrades to the west fared better. Breaking through Degouttes lines, the Germans were able to cross the Marne at Dormans and Boehm soon held a bridgehead nine miles wide by four miles deep. In the fighting, only the 3rd US Division held earning it the nickname Rock of the Marne (Map).   Holding the Line The French Ninth Army, which had been held in reserve, was rushed forward to assist the Sixth Army and seal the breach. Aided by American, British, and Italian troops, the French were able to halt the Germans on July 17. Despite having gained some ground, the German position was tenuous as moving supplies and reinforcements across the Marne proved difficult due to Allied artillery and air attacks. Seeing an opportunity, Foch ordered plans for the counteroffensive to commence the next day. Committing twenty-four French divisions, as well as American, British, and Italian formations to the attack, he sought to eliminate the salient in the line caused by the earlier Aisne Offensive. Allied Counterattack Slamming into the Germans with Degouttes Sixth Army and General Charles Mangins Tenth Army (including the 1st and 2nd US Divisions) in the lead, the Allies began to drive the Germans back. While the Fifth and Ninth Armies conducted secondary attacks on the eastern side of the salient, the Sixth and Tenth advanced five miles on the first day. Though German resistance increased the next day, Tenth and Sixth Armies continued to advance. Under heavy pressure, Ludendorff ordered a retreat on July 20 (Map). Falling back, German troops abandoned the Marne bridgehead and began mounting rearguard actions to cover their withdrawal to a line between the Aisne and Vesle Rivers. Pushing forward, the Allies liberated Soissons, at the northwest corner of the salient on August 2, which threatened to trap those German troops remaining in the salient. The next day, German troops moved back into the lines they occupied at the beginning of the Spring Offensives. Attacking these positions on August 6, Allied troops were repulsed by a stubborn German defense. The salient retaken, the Allies dug in to consolidate their gains and prepare for further offensive action. Aftermath The fighting along the Marne cost the Germans around 139,000 dead and wounded as well as 29,367 captured. Allied dead and wounded numbered: 95,165 French, 16,552 British, and 12,000 Americans. The final German offensive of the war, its defeat led many senior German commanders, such as Crown Prince Wilhelm, to believe that the war had been lost. Due to the severity of the defeat, Ludendorff cancelled his planned offensive in Flanders. The counterattack at the Marne was first in a series of Allied offensives that would ultimately end the war. Two days after the battles end, British troops attacked at Amiens.

HR Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Questions - Essay Example Organizations have actually embarked a great deal of changes and expectations from the work force, which has quickened the role of HRM. Three tends that are changing the function of HRM are change management, strategic planning and training and management. These roles have relatively changed a great deal because of economic and technological changes, diversity and increasing demographics and organizational restructuring. For instance, considering socio-political polices which were considered as non-central to HRM are now doing strategic planning. Similarly, change management has to be undertaken by carefully allocating diversity within the organizations as people from different backgrounds and nationalities have become part of organizations. Q2- Describe the differences between internal equity comparisons and external equity comparisons, and explain their consequences on the organization. External equity comparisons are one, when an employer decides to pay wages to his or her work fo rce according to the pay rates implemented by other employers in the market place. For this reason, employers are expected to measure the labor markets to get an idea of how he or she will have to design wage plan. On the other hand, internal equity comparisons occur when an employer decides to pay wages to the employees, according to the nature of job, i.e. the more the work performed by a worker, the more wages he or she will earn. External equity comparisons may result in higher wages being paid to the employees, even if they have not put sufficient input in performing their assigned jobs. Whereas, internal equity comparisons create an environment, where the employer and employees both have fair portion of the money they earn for their efforts at work place. Q3- Discuss comparable worth by (1) defining it and (2) citing four potential problems in its implementation. Comparable worth is an idea, which entails that each worker should receive equal wages, regardless of the gender. C omparable worth is also known as pay equity and it allows an employer to pay equal amounts to different job titles according to their worth for the employer. The biggest problem with comparable worth is that the jobs performed by female workers are usually undervalued or do not have significant impact on the operational capacity of the organization. Moreover, implementing such systems would cause disturbance among male workers, as they will be performing tougher tasks and receiving the same amount as women. Male workers might also raise their voice against this gender discrimination. From social perspective, the individuals might also see it as an act of inequality and denial to the idea that every individual should be treated equally, regardless of the gender. Q4- Describe five reasons why merit pay programs may not help organizations increase their overall productivity. Q5- What are some issues of procedural justice that might arise in administering merit pay? In any company setup where rewards are offered by the management to employees they tend to assess these rewards on the basis of two distinct dimensions, which are namely distributive and procedural. Distributive dimension is related to the evaluation of the value of reward they have received; whereas procedural dimension is related to the assessment of the process, which is adopted by the management to decide the value of reward. Important aspects of procedural justice that may arise in administering merit pay may include 1) whether the manager or supervisor performs his duties ethically 2) whether the manager allow opportunity to employees to express their viewpoints and actually takes them into consideration 3) whether uniform standards

Claim Response Letter Delivering Negative News Essay

Claim Response Letter Delivering Negative News - Essay Example I want to be categorically clear that at the moment, due to logistics we are not willing to offer any resale or promotional activities (May & Regina, 36). However, in the future the company may decide to offer such activities. This will be communicated in the newspapers and mainstream media should the management decide so. On behalf of the company, we wish to state that we are sorry for the miscommunication and misunderstanding on your part. Digital Inc will not comply with the request because this was a case of misunderstanding. As already mentioned above, we share almost the same name. Our offices are located in close proximities to each other. We realize that that this is a case of miscommunication by the newspaper and the newsrooms that ran the advert. However, I wish to state on behalf of the company that in the future we would be more careful about creating our unique name and logos (different ones) so that this confusion does not arise again. We understand your disappointment about the supposed promotion and any stress it might have caused you. Similarly, we wish to state that in the future when we carry such promotions, we will communicate the same effectively and candidly. The company we share a name with and have striking similarities has since apologized and communicated the same to media houses and online platforms. We would also like to state that several other complaints have been launched, and the Digital Corporation has announced they are looking into the issues decisively. Our company would like to announce that it would soon carry out promotions in three months. You may want to participate in the fabulous promotion that is set to run for three months. All you have to do is visit any of our digital outlets and buy any gadgets of your choice, and you could win great prizes. Besides, you can find us online via digitalinc.us.com or read about us in the newspapers or

Root Causes of Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Root Causes of Terrorism Essay Fieldman and Shapir (2004) noted that â€Å"some of the latest figures involving international suicide terrorists, their actions and the outcome of these actions, mentioning that there were eleven suicide attacks in Chechnya since 2003 involving fifteen terrorists, eleven of which are women. Their actions killing 200 and sixty one suicide attacks until June 2004 in Iraq involving seventy nine suicide terrorists that killed 840 people, and that suicide terrorism is significant in Israeli-Palestinian conflict as anti-Israel suicide attacks were numbered to 26 2003 to June 2004 (Fieldman, Shapir, 2004, p. 46). † This is proof of one of the many similar characteristics and nature of these different suicide terrorist groups: the measure and extent of their resolve. â€Å"In other areas around the world, fifty-four terrorists identified with Al Qaeda or its affiliated took part in nineteen suicide attacks in which over 280 people were killed. Overall, more than 170 suicide terrorists carried out 117 suicide attacks, a figure that does not include the numerous frustrated suicide attacks, mostly but not exclusively in Israel (Feldman, Shapir, 2004, p. 46). † Suicide terrorist groups around the world and the shared parallelism in management, nature and characteristics Despite the differences present between different suicide terrorist groups operating in different parts of the world, there is a noticeable set of parallelisms that render each group closely similar with one another, creating in a certain degree a sense of uniformity in the manner by which suicide terrorist groups are being managed, run and operated by its leaders. Suicide terrorist groups often share the same set of motivation that allows for the effective management of the personality and overall state of being of its suicide terrorists; they also share nearly the same M. O. , as well as target preferences and the penchant for an attack the lethality of which is guaranteed to extend to a large number of people victimized by the attack; politically, the goals of suicide terrorist groups (the creation of pressure to remove usurpers and modern day colonial rulers and exercise genuine governance and sovereignty over their own lands) are radically aligned with each other. Suicide terrorists and the personality management skill of its leaders An important aspect of suicide terrorism and of the suicide terrorists groups that needs to be discussed is the ‘management’ of these particular individuals. Because the tasks of suicide terrorists are not similar to any other ordinary tasks since their job has a significant level of certainty of death and the finality of life in it, leaders of either small, independent terrorist cells or national level commanders of an umbrella organization for terrorist group (or any leadership or management-level individual belonging to a terrorist group that has in its method of operation suicidal attacks) should have an intensive knowledge on how suicide terrorists should be handled and how each aspect of the suicide terrorist’s personality – emotional, psychological, spiritual, mental and physical – is ‘managed’. Recruiting suicide terrorist may appear either easy or difficult depending on the person who holds the particular opinion. People who see how emotional, psychological and other types motivation easily convinces a prospective suicide bomber to take on a mission and end his/her life for something which the suicide terrorist believes is worth it will think that all leaders need to do is manipulate people into becoming suicide terrorists by using pressure points to which the prospective recruit will easily yield or bend. Religion and militant fanaticism is one of the popular notions that people used to believe as the main reason for the recruitment of suicide bombers. There are those who believe that patriotism or the love for the country is the key motivation for suicide terrorists, while others, who recruit from areas which are economically and financially depressed, pay money or promise a better life for the family that they will leave behind. There are some reported cases of blackmail or the use of threat, as well as the presence of pressure coming from political groups to which a person belongs to, or the pressure of socially-shared political ideology that compels members to undertake such tasks. â€Å"Men become suicide terrorists in extraordinary cases, and each case requires its own explanation. There are some indirect data to suggest that a psychological trauma is an obligatory component. The trauma should be related not only to the death of relatives and/or personal threat to life but also to humiliation, personal but most particularly to a perception of national dignity (Wessely, Krasnov, 2006, p. 112). † Regardless of the particular motivation at play in a particular organization in a particular situation (since the motivation of suicide terrorists around the world varies in detail from one another in different occasions), the important thing that this illustrates is the role of effective management of the terrorist group leaders of its own suicide terrorist squads. They seldom retreat or abort missions because of last minute realizations, but this does not mean that they are crazy – professional researchers and analysts simply believes that the motivation and pressure existing is too much that it is impossible to dissuade suicide terrorists from undertaking their tasks of taking not just their lives, but that of other people as well. â€Å"Although research indicates that individual suicide attackers make choices and are not technically crazy, according to experts they are often manipulated by the pressures and belief structures of the group. Because of this, it is important to study the role of the organization in the phenomenon (Linden, 2002, p. 82). † The political significance, role and impact of suicide terrorist groups – The nature of the different suicide terrorist groups around the world is reflected in how they assert and create political significance for their group. Through their efforts towards political significance, observers can identify the essence of these groups, enumerate them and in the process allow the creation of paradigms from which terrorist groups are the nature of future terrorists groups are characterized. This aspect shows the core nature of suicide terrorist groups – a group of individuals that resorted to the use of lethal force and deadly weapon in the effort to effect change in the political landscape, a band of radical fighters who use the lives of innocent individuals as leverage to gain such power and influence, people who are motivated by different things (but nonetheless equally highly motivated, enough to die and to kill), these are the people who rely on scare and fear tactics to create pressure. Their actions create pressure – towards their enemies and sometimes towards themselves when the end product of an attack backfires and becomes a cause of problem for terrorist groups themselves – while at the same time allowing for the style and personality of this particular group to change over time, altering as well the manner by which the world responds and reacts to terrorism, particularly to suicide terrorists and their actions. â€Å"Al Qaeda’s coordinated multiple suicide airborne attacks aimed at destroying three outstanding US landmark targets the World Trade Center in New York City, the Pentagon, and Congress on September 11, 2001, demonstrated the escalating terrorist threat posed to civilian and military infrastructure With 9/11, the worst terrorist attack ever, the threshold for terrorism world-wide increased. Terrorism has moved from tactical to a strategic threat, prompting governments to invest unprecedented resources both in pre-empting terrorist attacks and in managing mass casualty attacks (Steven, Gunaratna, 2004, p. 2). † Because of the group’s political significance, analysts now grow more observant towards the efficiency by which suicide terrorist group leaders handle the organizations to make protracted and long battles like the ones being fought by terrorist group possible and sustainable over the years and over the number of suicide bombers lost and needs to be replaced time and again. Nature of suicide terrorism: political strategy versus religious undertaking – One of the most common and distorted ideas about suicide terrorism is that it is an act resulting from radical Islamist beliefs or the manifestation of the will of certain religious beliefs that glorify and moralize the use of lethal force and the taking of innocent lives. Historians clear out the confusion in this particular aspect of the nature of suicide terrorist groups around the world: historians and analysts believe that religious will is not the motivation of suicide terrorist groups; rather, it is the means by which strategic political actions are justified to the people and most especially to the suicide terrorists. For actions that carry with it severe moral stigma, there is a need for the presence of moral righteousness for the undertaking to be enacted without doubt, and here, religious and other non-political aspect of the set of beliefs comes into play; sometimes, suicide bombers are not even fully aware of the political repercussions of his/her actions nor the real political reasons why such act is necessary; for the suicide terrorist, it is enough that there is a sufficient reason wherein he can directly relate to and understand. â€Å"Suicide terrorist attacks are not so much driven by religion as by a clear strategic objective: to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from the territory that the terrorists view as their homeland. From Lebanon to Sri Lanka to Chechnya to Kashmir to the West Bank, every major suicide terrorist campaign over 95 percent of all incidents has had as its central objective to compel a democratic state to withdraw (LeMay, 2006, p. 252). † Religion is the balm that soothes the wounds and calms the fears of suicide bombers. At this level, the understanding and appreciation of goals is still shared by most since everyone understands and experiences the state of spirituality and religious belief necessary to make religion a powerful influence and motivation for the suicide bomber. â€Å"Other Muslims would argue the Koran supports actions of suicide bombers. These latter groups include radical and/or militant terrorist organizations with which we are familiar (Williams, Waltrip, 2004, p. 139). † The leader might not bother the suicide bomber/terrorist with the political complexities of such actions since this usually requires a level of mental capability similar to that of the learned and the educated, and not every suicide terrorist that pulls plunges himself/herself and the bomb inside a crowded place are educated, or did not have the chance to be one. â€Å"The suicide terrorist no longer thinks; he finds his inspiration and refuge in prayer, as outlined in Mohammad Atta’s letter to his comrades before the attack of September 11, 2001. There should be a ritual of washing and shaving, and the night is to be spent in prayer trying to forget the world. Then there should be further prayers, and after this Atta advises the others, ‘Smile and feel secure. For God is with the believers and the angels are guarding him without him feeling it. ’ We do not know, however, whether all or any of the suicide bombers did indeed spend the last night praying; some reportedly spent it in a bar or a night club (Laquer, 2003, p. 95). † References Bjorgo, Tore (December 2005). Root Causes of Terrorism: Myths, Reality and Ways Forward. Taylor Francis, Inc.

Lou Gerhigs Farwell Speech -- Lou Gerhig

Language Analysis of Lou Gehrig’s Farwell Speech to the Yankees   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lou Gehrig was one of the best baseball players to ever play the game. He was blessed with an amazing career playing for the New York Yankees setting many major league records such as 2,130 consecutive games from 1925 to 1939. Unfortunately all good things must come to an end and on July 4, 1939 Gehrig stood before his devoted fans at Yankee Stadium and announced that he had been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The man that was known to everyone as the â€Å"Pride of the Yankees†, on this very day, showed how courageous he was by giving a passionate speech to his fans that was filled with sarcasm, emotion, and pride.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gehrig’s speech to the 60,000 fans sitting before him was short but convincing. He wanted to convince his fans that in his eyes this wasn’t a defeat. He proclaimed that he considered himself, â€Å"the luckiest man on the face of the earth.† Language was used to manipulate his fans into seeing the good and not the bad in this tragic situation. Instead of speaking of his illness, Gehrig reminded his fans of all the amazing people he has been able to meet and play for, his loving family, and his record setting career. He starts of the middle two paragraphs of his speech by stating, â€Å"Sure, I’m lucky,† and continues on with remarks about the great men of baseball he has had the opportunity to work with. He continues on at the end of the speech with sarcasm, implying to the audience th...

Internal and External factors of the British tourism Essay

Within travel and tourism industry, inbound and domestic tourism factors change a lot, there are Internal and external factors that affect tourism within the UK. The internal factors are; health, safety and security within the UK, accessibility, marketing campaigns, availability of products and services, quality of goods and services and value for money of the UK. The outbound factors are; the exchange rate, travel restrictions, emergence of new markets, competition from other destinations and the weather. Internal Health, Safety and Security: The UK has strict rules about health, safety and security so that tourists can be safe and enjoy their stay in the new destination. The rules are set in place because people act differently when on holidays in new countries or new areas of the UK as they are put in new and different situations. Accessibility: Accessibility is a factor that will affect the number of tourists that come to and from the UK. When a country makes it easy for tourists to access the country the tourism will increase. By creating and developing different modes of transport many more people will visit the UK and domestic tourism will increase. An example of making the UK more accessible is the high speed trains that are currently being built, this means that tourists can tour the country in a shorter period of time as well as making it easier to travel for domestic travellers and giving them the opportunity to stay longer in the cities that in turn creates more profit for the economy. Availability of products and services: The availability of the products and services a country offers are a factor that normally changes during peak periods such as the school holidays in the summer, Easter breaks and Christmas breaks. This makes things like hotel rooms, activities and restaurants harder to book because they are all full.  Tourists need to book early to ensure they get to do everything they want to during peak periods. Quality of goods and services: Making sure that goods and services are to the right standards of quality is essential when marketing a destination. The UK is known for having a good level of quality when it comes to hotels and restaurants, this is mainly because the organisation VisitBritain has made a decision that they will only market and promote companies that have passed the quality criteria, Having this set in place means that companies will strive to be better so that they can be promoted more and gain more business. Value for money in the UK: Getting a good value for money can mean different things, one of the main things is ‘does the money paid match the level of service given’ this means that if the tourists get a great service they will have got a better value of money and therefore they will be more likely to visit again. Another thing this means is if you get a good value for money on one hotel, activity or restaurant they will therefore be able to visit more or different locations. Marketing campaigns: Different marketing campaigns will affect what tourists comes to the country. The main organisation that promotes Britain is VisitBritiain, every year they make a new promotional video that shows many different things you can do in Britain, these are showcased worldwide on websites and as television adverts. Britain invest and spend a lot of money trying to interest inbound tourist coming over to Britain, they also do this for domestic tourists to encourage them to stay in their country rather than stay abroad. The more marketing campaign a country does, the more chances in promoting their country to potential inbound and domestic tourists because tourists will be interested in seeing the country itself from the marketing images and videos the country produces. External Exchange rate: The exchange rate will strongly affect who visits the UK as the currency exchange can be bad for some people making them more reluctant to visit. The pound sterling is considered weak for lots of inbound tourists. The UK has a strong pound sterling which is not always positive due to the fact that many counties cannot afford the exchange rate. Competition from other destinations: Having a more appeling country will mean that more tourists will visit the country, the competition is high between thee different countries that need tourism. There are many different factors that effect this all that are referenced in this work. Travel restrictions: Travel restrictions can affect who comes into the country greatly as there are different restrictions that can stop them entering, there are three restrictions that can stop inbound tourists entering the UK; Security-related restrictions- These include taking the wrong amount of liquids in your hand luggage, all liquids have to be under the allowance of 100ml although there are some exceptions such as baby food and milk although they have to be screened to make sure that they are safe. All hand luggage has to be screened to make sure that it is safe to go onto the plane. Customs restrictions- The restrictions on customs are the rules about how much alcohol, tobacco and gifts you are able to take into another country. Immigration restrictions- There is no cost to travel to the UK from all countries in the EU making it easier for them to enter, this has led to an increase in inbound tourism from these countries. Emergence of new markets: Different countries are now visiting the UK as new people are growing an interest in the culture and lifestyle. Countries in Asia and Africa are the largest growing group of tourists. The UK is very different to the countries that are the new growing market and they therefore are getting the experience of trying a new lifestyle. The weather: The weather will affect the inbound tourists as well as domestic tourists, because of the climate in the UK the weather is always changing and therefore it can never be assured that you will have the same weather all day, because of this factor many domestic tourists will choose to travel to countries abroad in hope for sun. This factor does not affect inbound tourists as much as they visit for the heritage and local attractions.

Partnership and Norms Essay

Partner selection and dating is an imperative basis in an individual’s accomplishment of one of his psychosocial needs. Selecting a partner and the process of dating is crucial in determining the quality and nature of future relationships and marital decisions. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, as represented by a pyramid which indicates the basic needs of man and its importance in self-actualization, the third most significant need of man is the need to belong and be loved by others (Huitt, 2004). An individual’s need to become an accepted and valuable part of society, and the need to affiliate with people of the opposite sex, is an innate characteristic of man. Therefore, selecting a partner becomes an important decision that one must make based on the most convenient choice. These choices, however, vary under various circumstances, as it is influenced by society, culture, priorities, experiences, etc. For instance, differing concepts and perceptions about love vary for individuals; therefore their decisions in selecting a partner also vary. One’s concept of love, dating, partner selection, relationship, marriage, etc. may be influenced by social factors. Society often dictates standards and norms of dating. For example, individuals who live in a society which values social status and the preservation of this particular position in society practices arranged marriages. This is usually true, especially during the age of kingdoms and monarchs. Partner selection and dating may also be influenced by culture. In ancient China, marrying individuals from different cultural backgrounds was forbidden. In this case, race and cultural compatibility becomes influential in choosing a partner. At present, however, choosing a partner and the rules of dating have changed and have evolved into a more liberal milieu. Individuals have acquired the freedom to choose partners and date, depending on their personal views and perceptions of love, relationship, and marriage as formed by their priorities and experience, such as emphasizing importance on educational attainment, occupational status, etc. These choices and priorities are backed up theories which explains once social and personal construct regarding the matter. For instance, idolizing a parent influences individuals to choose partners with characteristics similar to their parents, etc. There are a lot of significant information that pertains to partner selection and dating (Mohatta, 2006), however, the main point is that choices and decisions being made regarding an individual’s selection of a partner, setting up of dating rules and principles to live by, reasons for staying in or leaving a relationship, going into marriage, etc. vary depending on several factors, such as culture, environment, society, family, personal choices and experiences, priorities, etc. Similar to partner selection and dating, sexual norms and sexual relationships also vary depending on one’s culture and perceptions. Two different societies were mentioned and described in the lecture which greatly explains the variation between these two societies regarding sexual norms and practice. The main argument stated herein is that an individual’s concept and perception of sex is learned from the society where he belongs. This is proved by the obvious knowledge that children, as young as they are, do not understand nor have ideas and contributions pertaining to issues and discussions regarding sex. Therefore, individuals gather the idea, perception, meaning, and importance of sex from the environment. For instance, a family environment which is not open about the idea of talking about sex with their children because members of the family regard it as a wrong deed is passed on to their children. In contrast, a society open to sex education, especially in educational institutions, allows students to acquire knowledge about sexual norms and practices, leading them to become aware of all its aspects. This can be important in informing students about sexually transmitted diseases, teenage pregnancy, safe sex, etc. With these alarming issues, most especially the high rate of individuals who acquire AIDS from numerous sexual encounters, or teenagers facing the responsibility of motherhood and parenting, more societies are accepting and pushing for the administration of sexual education in educational institutions. On the other hand, religious institutions are battling this societal move by reiterating their disapproval of the use of contraceptives, as encouraged by sex education, based on religious teachings and principles (Villaviray-Giolagon, 2007). Therefore, students who absorb information learned from sexual education may start to become open-minded about sexual responsibility; while on the other hand, churchgoers strengthen their stand for abstinence and marriage before sexual interaction. These two opposing viewpoints from educational institution and the religious institutions illustrate how an individual’s idea and perception of sexual norms and sexual relationships vary depending on environment.

How to Write a Free Will Philosophy Essay

How to Write a Free Will Philosophy Essay Free Will Philosophy Essay Features of writing a philosophy essay on Free Will How to start writing Tips on how to start How to write an outline How to write a thesis for a philosophy essay on Free Will How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish a philosophy essay on Free Will Tips on conclusion writing Tips on revision Sample Essay on Free Will Features of writing a philosophy essay on Free Will Writing about free will might seem easy but you may face a few challenges. First of all, for students who are not in the philosophy class, it would be vital to get familiar with the diverse schools of thought. As a writer, you must always have a position, especially when your essay is argumentative. Your position must always be substantiated by clearly elucidated points or arguments. As you will come to realize, philosophy papers require a lot of research so keep digging until you get arguments you find convincing. Ensure your paper is persuasive and that your readers will eventually either be forced to argue against your argument or will agree with your argument. How to start writing When you interact with accomplished writers, they will tell you to never be in a hurry when you want to start writing any paper or article. Additionally, they will caution you on how you start the writing process because it determines your grade. The first thing you need to know when you are writing an essay on Free Will is that it needs a lot of research. For you to determine your position and to develop persuasive arguments, you need to immerse yourself deeply in research. However, unlike what many students do, avoid the temptation of reading too much without making or taking relevant notes down. Therefore, make short notes while reading and especially any argument or point which you find convincing or relevant to your article. Remember also to develop an outline because it will make your work easier. Separate the sections (introduction, body, and conclusion) while you are creating the outline. Most importantly, however, determine your position. Tips on how to start Here are a few tips to help you start an essay on Free Will: Conduct extensive research. Take notes as you research. Develop a position or stance. Determine relevant arguments to help you write your essay. Develop or create an outline for your paper. How to write an outline Developing an outline is an important step in the writing process. Essentially, it contains the sections of your writing (introduction, body, and conclusion) and the points you will include in your paper. An outline should be thorough and contain all the points and arguments you wish to include in your paper. The thorough it will be, the better and easier it will be for you when you start creating your essay. However, remember it should be deeply grounded in research. So, below is a sample of an outline for an essay on Free Will. Introduction Define free will. History of free will. Thesis statement – free will does not equal free choice. Body First argument + evidence. Second argument + evidence. Third argument + evidence. The fourth argument – an opposing argument. Conclusion Restate your thesis. Enhance the argument by including something that will further the debate or discussion on Free Will. How to write a thesis for a philosophy essay on Free Will A thesis is simply your main point or argument. It includes your position and should be clearly written and included in the introduction. How to write an introduction The introduction indeed the most important section of your paper. This is because it is after reading your introduction that most writers will either be bored and quickly move on to something or will be highly interested and continue reading. Therefore, you need to start strongly and keep your readers yearning for more. Remember that your introduction should be brief and to the point. Accomplished writers will ask you to disclose enough to arouse your readers’ interest but make it brief to make them want and yearn for more. This tactic will keep them reading. Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis While writing the introduction and thesis, consider the following: Start with a hook, something to arouse the interest of your readers. Make it brief but with enough points. Include the thesis statement. Narrow the focus or scope of your thesis. How to write body paragraphs The body paragraphs mainly contain the supporting points or arguments. As stated earlier, the thesis statement contains your position or main argument. However, your paper will not be complete if it lacks supporting arguments or evidence to back up your thesis. The body section, therefore, is also another important piece in an essay. Each body paragraph must have a point that it is trying to communicate. Additionally, every point or argument must also be followed by ample supporting evidence. However, before you proceed to the conclusion (and this is mainly if you are writing an argumentative paper on Free Will), remember to include one last paragraph which elucidates further on the strongest argument against your position. Tips on body writing To write a perfect body, consider the following tips: Each paragraph must start with a topic sentence which holds the supporting argument. Every supporting argument must be followed by supporting sentences or ample evidence. Make use of transition words to show when you are moving from one point to another. Tie your points to the thesis statement and ensure they all help to further explain your position. Be thorough and always cite whenever you include information which is not original. For an argumentative essay, include an argument that is against your stance. How to finish a philosophy essay on Free Will When you are writing, the energy you start with must be coherent and be rationally and evenly distributed in your entire paper. Therefore, your conclusion must be as strong as your introduction and body. For a philosophy essay on Free Will, you will need to restate your position and also include the main points from your essay. However, instead of the clichà © ending, you can also include something like an anecdote to help further the discussion on free will. Tips on conclusion writing Consider the following tips while writing your conclusion: Restate your position or thesis statement. Mention the main points from your essay. Include an anecdote or a few sentences to help further the discussion on Free Will. Tips on revision Revising an essay simply entails the processes which help you to get a perfect essay. Accomplished writers will always stress this step because many students are usually in a hurry and often forget to revise their papers before they submit them. However, ensure that you always take this step seriously. Below are some tips to help you revise your paper the next time you write an essay: Read through your work several times after you have finished writing while making the necessary corrections. Ask a friend or a relative to read your work and to pinpoint any mistakes they might come across. Use some of the online revising tools to help you discover any mistakes you might have missed as you were proofreading. Philosophy Essay Sample: Free Will Almost every webpage or book written about free will seems to continue or further the various debates and disagreements brought by the term. All philosophers seem to want to say something regarding free will and each comment is always met with a certain response. However, one argument regarding the term always seems quite shallow to me. Often, you will hear some accomplished philosophers say that human beings do not have free will because God knows what we will do even before we do it. The simple fact that God is all-knowing and that he knows whichever choice we make means we are not free and are, therefore, not making any free choices as we would like to think. However, I believe this argument is irrelevant, and this is because of three things: knowing what happened, what happens, and what will happen does not necessarily equal to any interference; having a God who knows everything including our choices does not mean we are limited in the choices we make but that He knows what we wi ll choose in the future; God is also not limited to the past, present or the future and time is not in any way part of His being or nature. Free will is often defined as man’s innate ability to make equal or unrestricted choices. God knows all our choices, and this includes the ones we made, ones we are making, and the ones we will make. However, Him knowing these things is not equivalent to Him preventing or allowing some to happen. Every human being has an infinite number of options at every turn, but everyone always chooses among the ones he/she is familiar with. Unless in countries where dictatorship exists, my choice of an option is never restricted, but I always choose from a pool of options that I know of. However, the consequences or results are never affected, restricted or even impacted by God knowing the choice I will make. Him knowing never affects me. Additionally, God knowing also does not mean my choices are limited but that He knew beforehand what I would be up to today. God knew I would write this article, but I had the option of refusing to write it or even delegating it to someone else. My other options are still intact, and I am the one who decided to write the paper and Him knowing had nothing to do with the decision I made. My natural ability to choose or to make a choice is not affected and remains intact. I can choose to leave this article here and ask a friend to finish it for me. However, I am making a conscious choice to continue writing it. God knowing that I will write it or give it to a friend to finish has nothing to do with the choice I will make. Finally, a majority of the people with this notion believe that time is part of God’s nature or being. However, if the future like the present exists for God, then God is not part or does not exist in man’s time realm. Additionally, it means God is not restricted to the past, present, or the future. His being is everywhere hence our future choices are known to Him like our present choices are. Additionally, this only means that He knows what we, in our freedom, will choose come the time to make certain choices. This, however, does not take away our free will or our freedom to act or think as freely as we might like.